Knowledge, Utilization and Self-Reported Health Effects of Agro-Chemicals Among Farmers in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The intensification of agricultural practices, driven by the increasing demand for food production, has led to the widespread use of agro-chemicals. Despite the undeniable benefits of agro-chemicals in enhancing crop yields and preventing pest infestations, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that excessive and improper use may pose risks to human health. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge, utilization, and self-reported health effects of agro-chemicals among farmers in Biase Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design using quantitative method of data collection was used in this study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 The result showed that, majority 133 (44.0%) of the respondents were within the age range of 20- 35years, and 108 (36.0%) within 36-45 years. About 216 (72.0%) of the respondents were predominantly male. Most respondents 192 (64.0%) had good knowledge of agro chemicals, while 108 (36.0%) had poor knowledge and 288 (96.0%) recognized the importance of washing hands with soap and water after using agrochemicals while 92 (64.0%) of the respondents had high level of utilization of agro chemicals, while 84 (28.0%) had low level of utilization. Majority 264 (88%) of the respondents have used agro-chemicals, Fertilizers 96 (32.0%) and herbicides 96 (32.0%) were equally the most used agro chemical. Only 120 (40%) of the respondents used integrated pest management practices alongside agro-chemicals, while 180 (60.0%) did not. Most respondents 192 (64.0%) reported experiencing health issues related to agro-chemical exposure. The common health issue reported were headaches 65 (21.7%), followed by upper respiratory diseases (cough) 36 (12.0%). Regular health surveillance should be implemented to monitor and address health issues related to agro-chemical exposure. Also, providing access to healthcare services and protective equipment can help mitigate adverse health effects. Keywords: knowledge, utilization, self-reported, health, effects, agro-chemicals, farmers