Evaluation of Effects of Daniellia Oliveri Methanol Leaf Extract on Dimethylamine –induced Oxidative Stress in Testes of Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT
Daniellia oliveri, a tree species in the Fabaceae family, contains various compounds with
biological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-malaria, and anti-cancer properties.
Dimethylamine (DMA) exhibits toxicity effects on human health, especially through inhalation,
skin contact, or ingestion. This study observed scarce information on effects of D. oliveri on DMA
toxicity on male Wistar rats. Therefore, an investigation was conducted into the effects of D. oliveri
methanolic leaf extract (DOMLE) on the effects of DMA in the testes of male Wistar rats.
Leaves of D. oliveri were collected, air-dried, grinded to powder, and subjected to soxhlet
methanolic extraction to obtain DOMLE. The extract underwent Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry (AAS), Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrum, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Thirty-five male Wistar rats (average of
154kg) were bought from LAUTECH animal house and divided into seven groups (each group
contain five rats) and then acclimatized for one week. Group A served as positive control and
Group B was given intraperitoneal injection of DMA alone (10mg/kg) as negative control while
Group C to G were treated with a combination of DOMLE (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg/kg) by oral
gavage and DMA (10mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. The DOMLE and DMA were
administered every other day and two times per week respectively. After 28 days, the rats were
sacrificed by cervical dislocation and testes was collected and rinsed in 1.15% KCL solution,
homogenized in phosphate buffer (PH 7.4) and centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes to obtain
homogenate. The homogenate was used to determine the biochemical activities (Superoxide
Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase)
in testes of rats.
The AAS revealed the presence of four prominent elements which are calcium, magnesium,
sodium and potassium. The UV Spectrum shows that DOMLE has maximum UV absorption
between 214.5 and 515.5 nm. The FT-IR of DOMLE shows four major peaks at 2849.5cm-1
,
3300.6cm-1, 2916.6cm-1 and 1019.4cm-1. The HPLC of DOMLE shows the presence of four major
phytochemicals which includes L-Borneol, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Rhamnetin. Treatment
with DMA alone, DOMLE and DMA significantly reduced (P