Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Boripe Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices among smallholder farmers in Boripe Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. The study aimed to assess the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, determine the extent of CSA adoption, identify the factors influencing adoption, and examine the constraints faced by farmers in implementing CSA practices. A total of 120 smallholder farmers were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using both descriptive statistics and inferential tools, including multiple regression analysis.
The results revealed that the majority of the farmers were middle-aged males with limited formal education, small farm sizes, and low annual income levels. Key factors positively influencing CSA adoption included farm size, income, education, experience, and access to extension services. Among the CSA practices, organic manure, crop rotation, and irrigation were the most recognized and practiced, while improved grazing and soil conservation had the lowest awareness and adoption levels. Despite interest in many CSA practices, barriers such as lack of extension access (70% of respondents), limited awareness, financial constraints, cultural beliefs, and fear of failure were significant impediments.
The study concludes that CSA adoption in the area is influenced by a complex interplay of economic, educational, and institutional factors. It recommends enhanced extension services, increased farmer training, financial support mechanisms, and inclusive policies to improve CSA uptake and strengthen resilience against climate change among smallholder farmers in the study area.