Assessment of Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Cocos Nucifera Husk on Activities of Enzymic Anti-Oxidants on Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Female Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and significant morbidity and mortality. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of DM, encompassing its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management strategies. DM is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 DM involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, often associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Gestational DM occurs during pregnancy and poses risks to both mother and child. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or HbA1c levels. Management strategies include lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise), oral antidiabetic agents, insulin therapy, and, in some cases, surgical interventions like bariatric surgery. Glycemic control is paramount to prevent complications such as microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular disease, stroke) complications. Patient education, regular monitoring, and personalized treatment plans are crucial for optimal outcomes. Emerging therapies, including incretin-based therapies, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists, offer promising avenues for improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk. Fifteen female wister rats with the average weight of 155 3g were purchased for this experiment. They were kept in a well ventilated animal house and had access to clean water and feeds. The rats were then acclimatized for two weeks where group A was fed with Normal diet and B and D was fed with high fat diet make them obese. The diabetic range is 200mg/dl above and was then administered with streptozotocin. The streptozotocin damage their beta cells which leads to hypoglycemia.5% of glucose water was given to them to prevent hypoglycemia. This work access the effect of control group, Diabetic Untreated and Diabetic treated with cocos nucifera husk at 125mg/kg body weight on activities of enzymic antioxidants on streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in female wister rats in selected tissues(liver,brain,kidney,heart). In this experiment, cocos nucifera husk show anti-oxidant potential in selected organ.