The Emergence of Western Nigerian Security Network ( Operation Amotekun) and Crime , Insecurity and Social Vices Control in Ondo state, nigeria

The rising wave of crime, insecurity, and social vices in Nigeria has necessitated innovative and localized approaches to complement the efforts of conventional security agencies. One such initiative is the Western Nigerian Security Network, popularly known as Operation Amotekun, established in 2020 to address the security challenges specific to the south western states of Nigeria, including Ondo State. This study examines the emergence of Operation Amotekun and its impact on crime prevention, insecurity reduction, and the control of social vices in Ondo State. Using a survey research design that combines quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from key informant interviews, the research analyze the impact Western Nigerian Security Network (WNSN) has had in minimizing crime, insecurity and social vices upsurge and overall community safety in Ondo State; examine if Western Nigerian Security Network (WNSN) has upset the relationship between citizens and the police in Ondo State; evaluate the modus-oprandi of Amotekun in preventing, reducing, and controlling crime, insecurity and social vices in Ondo State; and interrogate the challenges faced by Western Nigerian Security Network (WNSN) in the course of carrying out their responsibilities in Ondo State. The study derives its data from primary and secondary sources. The study adopted Community Policing Theory as a theoretical framework. Findings reveal that Operation Amotekun has significantly improved localized responses to crimes such as armed robbery, kidnapping, and farmer-herder conflicts. The network's community-based approach, rooted in cultural and environmental familiarity, has strengthened grassroots security and increased public trust in its operations. However, issues such as inadequate funding, occasional jurisdictional conflicts with federal security agencies, and concerns over human rights violations remain critical challenges. The study further explores the network's impact on citizen-police relations, highlighting a shift in public reliance towards Amotekun for immediate security needs. Additionally, the paper underscores the importance of inter-agency collaboration and community engagement in fostering a holistic security framework. The findings suggest that while Operation Amotekun has made notable strides in crime and insecurity control, its sustainability and effectiveness require enhanced policy support, capacity building, and adherence to legal frameworks to address identified gaps. This study contributes to the discourse on community-based security initiatives in Nigeria and provides policy recommendations for strengthening the operational framework of Operation Amotekun to ensure long-term peace and stability in Ondo State and beyond.