Impact of Electoral Violence on Women's Political Participation: a Case Study of the 2023 Gubernatorial Election in Kogi State

ABSTRACT
Electoral violence remains a significant obstacle to women's political participation in Nigeria, disproportionately affecting their ability to vote, campaign, and hold political office. This study examines the specific experiences of women during the 2023 gubernatorial election in Kogi State, an area historically characterized by political violence. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected through structured surveys to assess the types, frequency, and impact of electoral violence on women's participation. The findings reveal widespread intimidation, physical violence, and property destruction, with polling units identified as the most dangerous locations. Political party supporters and community members were the primary perpetrators, while security personnel were implicated in some cases, raising concerns about law enforcement’s role. As a result, many women refrained from voting, and some female candidates withdrew from the race, though others demonstrated resilience by participating despite threats.To counteract these challenges, women employed coping strategies such as avoiding violence-prone areas, seeking community protection, and reporting incidents to security agencies, though support remained inconsistent. Civil society organizations played a critical role in providing awareness and legal aid, but their outreach was limited. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening security measures at polling units, implementing legal frameworks that criminalize electoral violence against women, and expanding community-based support networks. Enhancing institutional support for women's political participation, including protection for female candidates and voter education campaigns, is also essential.