Knowledge on Cause and Prevention of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT
Anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where it significantly contributes to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the level of knowledge regarding the causes and prevention of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, involving a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of pregnant women selected through systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that while a majority of respondents (68%) had heard of anemia, only 45% demonstrated adequate knowledge of its causes, such as nutritional deficiencies, malaria, and hookworm infection. Furthermore, 52% were aware of preventive measures, including consumption of iron-rich foods, use of iron and folate supplements, and sleeping under insecticide-treated nets. Educational level and frequency of antenatal visits were significantly associated with knowledge level (p < 0.05). The study concludes that although awareness of anemia exists, there are notable gaps in comprehensive understanding of its causes and preventive practices among pregnant women. Strengthening health education during antenatal visits and community-based interventions is recommended to improve maternal knowledge and reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy.