Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Aframomum Danielli, Ganoderma Lucidum and Jarropha Curcas

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Aframomum danielli, Ganoderma lucidum, and Jatropha curcas. The antioxidant activities were determined using ABTS and DPPH assay while the antibacterial activities were tested on six microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations ranging from 25 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml.
The antioxidant activity was assessed using IC50 values, where lower IC50 indicates higher antioxidant potential. Among the plant samples, Ganoderma lucidum demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 49.87 μg/ml, followed by Jatropha curcas (80.00 μg/ml) and Aframomum danielli (175.00 μg/ml). The standard IC50 value for comparison was 20.5 μg/ml, indicating that none of the extracts matched the standard antioxidant efficacy. ABTS radical scavenging, Ganoderma lucidum again showed superior activity (34.5 μg/ml), followed by Jatropha curcas (38.5 μg/ml) and Aframomum danielli (40.5 μg/ml), with the standard IC50 being 39.0 μg/ml. The antibacterial efficacy varied by plant extract and microorganism. For Jatropha curcas, the ethanolic extract exhibited higher activity compared to the aqueous extract, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus (26 mm inhibition at 100 mg/ml). Similarly, Aframomum danielli showed enhanced activity with its ethanolic extract