Analysis of Urban and Rural Food Price Dynamics in Nigeria

Student: Olanrewaju Victor Ibrahim (Project, 2025)
Department of Statistics
University of Ilorin, Kwara State

Abstract

This study investigates the dynamics of food prices in urban and rural areas of Nigeria, with the aim of understanding spatial disparities and their implications for food security and economic stability. Using secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics and other credible sources, the research analyzes price trends across major food commodities between rural and urban markets over a defined period. The methodology includes descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and correlation testing to examine factors influencing price variations, such as transportation costs, supply chain inefficiencies, seasonal patterns, and regional demand. Findings reveal that urban food prices are consistently higher than rural prices, largely due to increased distribution costs, infrastructural deficits, and market monopolies. Conversely, rural areas face price volatility driven by production challenges and limited market access. The study concludes that addressing rural infrastructure, improving market integration, and implementing targeted agricultural policies are critical for stabilizing food prices and ensuring equitable food access nationwide.

Keywords
food price analysis Nigeria urban rural comparison ARIMA model time series inflation food security economic policy statistical modelling price forecasting
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