Behind Bars, Beyond Blame: a Trauma-Informed Exploration of Juvenile Incarceration in Kwara State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT
This study explores the lived experiences of juveniles in a Nigerian Borstal institution through the lens of trauma-informed care, emphasizing the emotional, psychological, and relational dimensions of youth incarceration. Drawing on qualitative, narrative-based methods—including in-depth interviews with 24 remanded male juveniles aged 14 to 18—the research investigates how trauma, structural disadvantage, and systemic neglect shape pathways into the justice system. The study also examines the conditions of institutional life and how they impact identity formation, emotional wellbeing, and prospects for rehabilitation. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the findings reveal that many of the juveniles were not disengaged from society prior to incarceration but had aspirations disrupted by unaddressed trauma, unstable family environments, and lack of support systems. While some found the institution stabilizing, most described it as emotionally stagnant and lacking in meaningful engagement or therapeutic care. Recurring themes included deep regret, unresolved grief, emotional isolation, and a strong desire for mentorship, skill development, and relational support. Participants expressed a clear understanding of their needs and articulated recommendations for more holistic, compassionate approaches to rehabilitation. The study contributes to juvenile justice scholarship by foregrounding the voices of incarcerated youth, voices often excluded from reform discourse—and by applying trauma-informed theory within a non-Western context. It advocates for a shift away from punitive justice toward systems that emphasize healing, relational accountability, and reintegration. By centering youth narratives, the research offers both theoretical and practical insights for policymakers, correctional institutions, and mental health practitioners working toward more humane, effective, and contextually grounded juvenile justice reforms.