Effects of Integration of High Seeding Densities and Criss-Cross Row Planting Pattern on Suppression of Weeds and Increase of Grain Yield of Cowpea (vigna Unguiculata (l). Walp)

Student: Anna Sunday (Project, 2025)
Department of Applied Biology
Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of integrating high seeding densities and criss-cross row planting patterns on weed suppression and grain yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments consisted of different seeding densities (low, medium, and high) combined with two planting patterns (conventional and criss-cross). Data were collected on weed density, weed dry matter, plant height, number of pods per plant, and grain yield.

Results showed that plots planted at higher seeding densities under the criss-cross row pattern significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed weed growth compared to the conventional planting method. Weed dry weight and density were greatly reduced due to canopy closure and increased crop competition. Furthermore, high seeding density combined with criss-cross planting produced the highest grain yield, indicating improved light interception and nutrient utilization efficiency.

The study concludes that integrating high seeding densities with a criss-cross row planting pattern is an effective agronomic practice for enhancing weed suppression and maximizing cowpea grain yield. It is therefore recommended for farmers in weed-prone cowpea production areas to adopt this strategy for sustainable yield improvement

Keywords
effects integration seeding densities criss-cross planting pattern suppression weeds increase
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