Disease Surveillance and Epidemiology

Disease surveillance and epidemiology involve the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health related data to understand the distribution, determinants, and impact of diseases in populations. In the face of persistent public health challenges, effective surveillance systems remain critical in early detection and response to disease outbreaks. However, issues such as poor data quality, fragmented systems, and limited technological infrastructure continue to hinder efficiency in many low- and middle-income countries.
Descriptive study design was used and data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from 130 health information managers using total enumeration. Data collected from field was analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis, frequencies and percentages. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Result was presented in a tabular form with frequency and percentage to reveal the respondents’ view based on the objectives.
Findings revealed that while most health information professionals utilized a hybrid system, a significant proportion still relied solely on traditional paper systems. Data collection was primarily done through interviews, and storage was secured using locked cabinets and folders. There were notable challenges including lack of training, insufficient staff, high personnel turnover, poor data quality, and fragmentation in disease surveillance data analysis which hinder timely reporting, collaboration, and data-driven decision-making, which are essential for effective outbreak response
In conclusion, the study underscores the urgent need for structured capacity building, improved digital infrastructure, and integrated surveillance systems to enhance disease detection and public health response. Addressing these challenges is critical not only for UCH, Ibadan but also for broader health systems across Nigeria. Enhancing these aspects can significantly contribute to better public health outcomes at University College Hospital, Ibadan.