Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (fdi) on the Financial Performance of Nigerian Listed Deposit Banks

Abstract
In this study, we examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the financial performance of Nigerian listed deposit banks. We collected secondary data from the annual reports and accounts of 14 banks between 2016 and 2023. We employed the Tobin Q quantitative method for the analysis. We adopted the theoretical framework of pecking order theory since the analysis of the impact of FDI on the financial performance of these banks are both inward and outward FDI. The Tobin Q method was used as the dependent variable and FDI as an independent variable. Board size, firm size, equity capital and reinvested earnings were all financial performance indicators employed to test the impact of FDI on the financial performance of the banks on understudy in Nigeria. The result of the data analysis and findings showed that FDI had contributed positively to the development and performance of the deposit banks over the period under consideration. Our theoretical findings suggest a positive relationship between FDI and profit maximization. This support the FDI theory that banks or organisations are financed partly with debt-equity, both used by the banks to balance the cost and benefit financing decisions by the management. In the case of the empirical findings, the results of hypothesis testing show a significant effect on the banks‟ financial performances. Given these results, we conclude that FDI has made a positive impact on the development and financial performances of the listed deposit banks under study which resulted in some of the banks‟ growth from local banks in Nigeria into some of the leading international banks in Africa.