Physio Immunological Response, Electrolyte Homeostasis, Metabolic and Organ Health of Clariobranchus (clarias Gariepinus ♀ Heterobranchus Longifilis ♂) Fed Soursop (annona Muricata)leaf Meal Supplemented Diet

n experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Annona muricata (soursop) leaf meal based diet as a feed additive on the serum biochemistry of Clariobranchus (Clarias gariepinus ♀ × Heterobranchus longifilis ♂). A total of 300 juvenile Clariobranchus were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups (CTR–DT5), each replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isoenergetic (18 MJ/kg), with increasing levels of soursop leaf meal (0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, and 2.0g). Fish were fed twice daily from 8am in the morning and 5pm in the evening over a 56-day period. At the end of the trial, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and analyzed for serum biochemical parameters including immune indices (total protein, albumin, globulin), stress markers (glucose, cortisol), liver and kidney function (ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, BUN), lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride). The results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all serum parameters measured across treatment groups, indicating that soursop supplementation up to 2.0g had no adverse effect on the physiological health of Clariobranchus. The inclusion of soursop leaf meal slightly improved immune and antioxidant markers without compromising liver or kidney function. It is therefore concluded that Annona muricata leaf meal can be safely included up to 2.0g in the diet of Clariobranchus without negative impacts on serum biochemistry.