Development of a Subsurface Perforated Pipe Irrigation System

ABSTRACT
The study focused on the design and installation of a subsurface perforated pipe irrigation
system, aimed at developing a subsurface perforated pipe irrigation system. The design
parameters include the irrigation field area, soil type, available water source, and crop
spacing, among others. The installation process was documented through various illustrations
showing the components of the system. Soil physicochemical properties were analysed,
revealing that the pH levels ranged from 5.9 to 6.3, which is within the acceptable range for
agriculture. Electrical conductivity was below FAO standards, indicating suitable soil
conditions. However, total alkalinity exceeded recommended limits in most samples, and
calcium hardness levels were low, potentially affecting soil structure. Additionally, the
physicochemical properties of the irrigation water were assessed. While the water
temperature and pH were within acceptable ranges, calcium concentration and total alkalinity
were above recommended levels, which could lead to issues such as scaling in irrigation
systems and reduced nutrient availability in the soil. Overall, the findings suggest that while
the irrigation system design is effective, management practices should be implemented to
address high alkalinity and calcium levels in both soil and water to ensure optimal crop growth.