Assessment of Economic Shocks and Mental Health Among Peri-Urban Households in Oyo State, Nigeria

The relationship between economic shock and mental health outcomes is especially important in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, where a lack of mental health resources, coupled with high stigma and low awareness, hinders people's ability to seek help and recover from psychological distress. This study assessed the effect of economic shocks on the mental health of peri-urban households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using data collected from 150 respondents across 15 communities, the research explores the types and frequency of economic shocks, the coping strategies employed by households, and the psychological effects of these experiences. The findings show that rising food prices, sudden drops in income, and unexpected expenses are among the most common shocks affecting these households. In response, many families rely on short-term measures like cutting expenses, borrowing from relatives, or selling assets—strategies that are often not enough to ensure recovery or financial stability. Mental health assessments using the GAD-7 and GHQ-12 tools reveal a high prevalence of anxiety and distress, particularly among households exposed to frequent or severe shocks. Regression analysis further identifies key factors that influence how households cope, including household size, income levels, and frequency of shocks experienced. Despite some households showing a high coping capacity, most strategies used are reactive and temporary, highlighting a deeper vulnerability. The study concludes that economic hardship is closely linked to mental well-being in peri-urban settings. It recommends integrated support systems, combining financial access, social safety nets, and mental health services—as essential steps toward strengthening household resilience in the face of recurring economic challenges.