Design and Fabrication of a Sustainable Water Closet System for Domestic Use

ABSTRACT
This project focuses on the Design and Fabrication of a Sustainable Water Closet System for domestic use, aiming to enhance water efficiency, improve hygiene, and elevate user comfort. The key objectives include reducing water consumption through the implementation of water-saving technologies such as a dual-flush mechanism and low-flow fixtures, minimizing germ contamination by introducing hands-free operation, and improving overall user experience. The methodology encompassed conceptualization, freehand drawing, design calculations, material selection, 3D modeling, simulation, testing, fabrication, and performance evaluation. The results demonstrated that the final water pressure entering the water closet (WC) system was 562.01 kPa, with a hydrostatic pressure of 196.2 kPa due to the tank's elevation. Structural analysis revealed a moment of inertia of 0.0006 kgm², bending stress of 30.312 kN/m², compressive stress of 32.244 kN/m², and a deflection of 0.00033 m. The momentum of fluid flow within the WC bowl was calculated at 4.5 kgm/s, ensuring sufficient force to effectively clean waste from the bowl. The inlet pressure was adequate for efficient flushing, validating the system’s design.
Summarily, the project successfully demonstrated a sustainable water closet system that is efficient, environmentally friendly, and user-friendly. While the design achieved its primary goals, further refinement, alternative pressure enhancement methods, and additional testing will be necessary to fully realize the system’s potential. Future work will focus on enhancing the design's effectiveness and practicality, contributing to innovative solutions in water-efficient sanitation technology.