Comparative Analysis of Reinforcement Steel Available in Delta State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Reinforced concrete remains a crucial material in modern construction, with the performance and durability of structures heavily dependent on the quality of the reinforcing steel used (Neville & Brooks, 2010). The mechanical behavior of this steel directly affects the structural integrity, safety, and lifespan of buildings and infrastructure (Mindess et al., 2003). In Delta State, Nigeria, reinforcement steels of different brands and grades are widely accessible through local markets, sourced from both domestic rolling mills and imported origins. This research offers a comparative evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of reinforcement steels available within the state. The study specifically examines their compliance with the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS 117:2004) and the British Standard (BS 4449:1997), focusing on tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and chemical composition (Standards Organisation of Nigeria [SON], 2004; British Standards Institution [BSI], 1997). Samples were collected from various steel depots and suppliers across Asaba, Warri, Sapele, and Ughelli. Laboratory tests were conducted using a universal testing machine to determine tensile and yield properties, while spectrochemical analysis identified the elemental composition (Oyenuga, 2015). The study revealed significant variations in quality among reinforcement bars of the same nominal size from different sources. Some locally manufactured steels showed lower yield strength and poor ductility compared to imported brands (Ejeh & Jibrin, 2012). These inconsistencies can lead to unsafe design assumptions and potential structural failures (Ameh et al., 2020). The research concludes that standardization, effective quality monitoring, and stricter enforcement of NIS specifications are essential to ensure that only certified reinforcement steels are used in construction projects in Delta State (SON, 2004). The study recommends the establishment of regional quality control centers and periodic market inspections to enhance structural safety and material reliability.