Analysis of Compression Failure in Multidirectional Wood Laminates

ABSTRACT This research analysis the compression failure in multidirectional wood laminates, vital in construction and engineering for their high strength-to-weight ratio. It begins with precise construction and engineering for their high strength-to-weight ratio. It begins with precise construction and engineering for their high strength-to-weight ratio. Plywood, solid wood, and adhesives are assembled with sample preparation for uniformity. Plywood, solid wood, and adhesives are assembled with sample preparation for uniformity. A compaction test ensures compliance with density meticulous bonding for robust interfaces. A compaction test ensures compliance with density meticulous bonding for robust interfaces. Density (ρ) is calculated using weight (W), area (A), and thickness (t), while compression ratio, determined by applied force (F) and original thickness (t), provides insights into compaction behavior. Various grain orientations are studied, affecting compressive strength, failure modes, and deformation patterns. Moisture content, crucial in compression failure, is addressed using the oven-dry method, revealing its influence on mechanical properties and behavior. Compression tests provide fundamental insights into compressive strength, deformation behavior, and failure modes. Solid wood exhibits significantly higher compression stress compared to standard laminate. Moisture content values are: solid wood (12.76%), standard laminate (12.41%), and plywood (8.16%). Among samples with different adhesives, three alternating design laminate wood with Para flex contact adhesive has the highest percentage (26.47%), while alternating design with VTRAC 401w Super Stick High-Tech Adhesive has the lowest (15.19%). The laminate wood with the highest initial weight density is three alternating design (6115.56 kg/m$^3$), and the lowest is Alternating design (4942.22 kg/m$^3$). For final weight density, three alternating design has the highest (4835.56 kg/m$^3$), and Alternating design the lowest (4390.37 kg/m$^3$). The "Alternating design" with adhesive Λ (657.78KN) demonstrates the highest compression stress, making it the preferred choice. This research provides a comprehensive understanding with implications for material selection, design, and manufacturing processes across applications.