Physiochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Sedimment at the Ikpoba Reservoir

The Ikpoba Reservoir is a vital freshwater resource supporting ecological functions and human activities in Edo State, Nigeria. However, anthropogenic influences pose risks of heavy metal contamination. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in sediments from three stations along the reservoir. Mean sediment pH ranged from 6.950±0.320 to 7.425±0.243, within the optimal range of 6.5-8.5 for aquatic life set by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) of Nigeria. Mean sulphate (37.85±4.987 to 40.92±3.724 mg/L) and nitrate (2.315±0.906 to 3.710±0.401 mg/L) concentrations met FEPA limits across stations. However, mean phosphate levels (8.463±0.820 to 11.88±6.667 mg/L) indicated potential eutrophication risks. Lead concentrations (0.273±0.075 to 0.320±0.073 mg/L) exceeded the 0.05 mg/L FEPA limit for aquatic life at all stations. Copper levels at Station 2 (7.825±1.088 mg/L) and Station 3 (7.243±2.606 mg/L) surpassed the 1 mg/L FEPA aquatic life guideline. The findings reveal heavy metal contamination risks, particularly from lead and copper that may adversely impact aquatic life. Continuous monitoring and implementation of remediation strategies are crucial to preserve the ecological integrity of this vital freshwater reservoir and mitigate potential impacts on surrounding communities reliant on its resources.