Design and Construction of 12v/45a Pulse Width Modulation Charge Controller for Photovoltaic System

Student: Ali Idriss (Project, 2025)
Department of Electrical /Electronics Engineering
Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State

Abstract

This project focuses on the design and construction of a 12V/45A Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) charge controller for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PWM charge controller is an essential component in solar energy systems, responsible for regulating the flow of electrical energy from the solar panels to the battery, ensuring efficient charging while preventing overcharging and deep discharge. The designed system utilizes PWM technology to optimize the charging process, enhance battery life, and improve overall system performance. This charge controller is capable of handling a maximum current of 45A at 12V, making it suitable for medium-scale solar power installations. Key features include automatic voltage regulation, short-circuit protection, and overcharge prevention. The design process, circuit architecture, and practical implementation are discussed, along with performance testing results that demonstrate the controller's efficiency and reliability in maintaining optimal battery health and prolonging system lifespan. This project aims to contribute to sustainable energy solutions by providing a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective charge controller for solar PV systems.

Keywords
design construction pulse width modulation charge controller photovoltaic system
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